INTRODUCTION
Kannamangala lake, situated 7km from ITPL in Bengaluru East taluk, has been a fast growing residential area and has experienced drastic changes in ecology, land use and management over the past decade. Spread over 18 acres, this lake used to be managed by the neighbourhood and serve the villages of Kannamangala, Seegehalli and Doddabhanahalli as a main source for drinking water and for irrigation of their agricultural fields.
Kannamangala lake, situated in Bengaluru East Taluk
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| Kannamangala lake in the context of the neighbouring agricultural lands, villages and apartment complexes. |
The lake was neglected and exploited over several decades with indiscriminate release of sewage from surrounding residential areas. In addition, the lake became an area for dumping and burning of garbage. The lack of maintenance, desilting and drilling of borewells nearby, led to a shrink and drying up of the lakebed. The groundwater in this region also saw a steep decline from 300ft to 1000ft in a short span of time, putting the neighbourhood under a water-stress situation.
Realizing the importance of the lake as a biodiversity spot/urban park and to meet their water demands, the local citizens combined their efforts and took up the task of rejuvenating the lake. Through various meetings and in consultation with various stakeholders (ecologists, local community and engineers), a shared-vision and a strategic plan of action was drafted for the lake.
In a little over a year of work, the lake has been given a new life. It is now brimming with water, with increased water tables in nearby wells and borewells, being used by the farmers. It is also home to a variety of flora and fauna and is being used by the local community as a recreational space. The revival of the lake is a prime example of what can be accomplished when the government and people work hand-in-hand.
Historical imagery of Kannamangala showing changes in the neighbourhood, ecology, land use and management
THE LAKE, BEFORE - A DUMP SITE
The lake bed had dried up as early as 2003. The lake had been receiving greywater from the nearby villages since the last couple of years. As a result of recent real estate development, the wastewater from the nearby apartments were also being discharged into the lake.
To meet the irrigation water demands, the farmers around Kannamangala lake were pumping additional water into the lake from an overflow drain located 3km away, connected to Yella Mallappa Shetty kere. Pipes have been laid by various other farmers also in the overflow drain of Yellamallapa Shetty kere to draw water and meet the demand of their agricultural lands. The water which is pumped into the lake is then indirectly used through indirect recharge, from wells and borewells.
Pipes laid by various farmers in the overflow drain of Yellamallapa Shetty kere
for drawing water for their agricultural lands
The local farmers have been growing corn, paddy, millets (ragi), mulberry, a few ornamental plants (rose and other flowers) and some other vegetables (asparagus, broccoli, cabbage etc.). Additionally, the cattle herders use the lake surrounding for feeding their cattle.
LAKE NOW - A COMMUNITY SPACE FOR RECREATION, LIVELIHOOD AND WATER PROVISION
The Kannamangala Panchayat, FORCE-GW and the Mahadevapura Task Force are behind the transformation of Kannamangala lake. (FORCE-GW is a Federation of RWAs, Communities and Establishments of Greater Whitefield, with a mission of making Mahadevpura a model suburb in Bangalore. Their aim is to promote harmonious community living and to implement green, environment friendly practices in the member communities. One of the objectives is also to work with neighborhood villages to improve their infrastructure, health and education standards)
A core team was established in order to create a vision for the lake and draft a plan of action. The revival process started in May 2018, when FORCE-GW and the gram panchayat agreed to help revive the lake and as the first task, clean up 400 tonnes of garbage that had been dumped into the lake.
The core team of people initially set up to actively participate in the lake rejuvenation process
400 tonnes of garbage being removed from the lake bed and being transported to a waste management site in Doddaballapur
After conducting a survey of the entire lake and assessing the site, discussions were started with the locals to clear the encroachments from the lakebed, who offered full co-operation as they also understood and saw the value of the lake. Collectively, it was decided that water will not be pumped from the outflow of Yella Mallappa Shetty lake anymore. The Revenue Department then fenced the lake fully, ensuring to leave connections and pathways around for access to the farmlands only approachable through the lake site.
FORCE-GW took over the responsibility of the lake development in 2019 for a five-year period, through a signed agreement with the gram panchayat. After many discussions with engineers and experts, the lake was re-designed and work started to desilt the lakebed, rebuild and strengthen the bunds. This work was driven by a gram panchayat member Ravi (also a farmer) who organized a full team to carry out all the works and seamlessly managed it as he had close relationships in the neighbourhood to conduct any negotiations and had fond memories of the lake.
Desilting of the lake bed, and building bunds all around the lake being carried out
FORCE-GW closely worked with Biome as a knowledge partner, to understand the wetlands ecosystems; the design, sizing, location and useful plant species. Visits were made to several other lakes in order to understand lake biodiversity and the best practices for lake management. Islands were created in the middle of the lake to allow nesting for birds.
FORCE-GW also brought in experts from Saytrees to understand the indigenous flora and fauna. With their help, the team created two Miyawaki forests through plantation drives. Around 5000 trees have been planted in and around the lake through several weekend programs, wherein local residents and volunteers participated. A vetiver expert was brought in from Coimbatore, who also helped with the design and plantation of vetiver on the lake bunds for strengthening it.
While there was a seed fund to start off with the cleaning process, additional funding came through as contributions from individual apartments for specific activities of the lake rejuvenation process.
Vetiver saplings being prepared for planting on the lake bund
Vetiver saplings being planted on the lake bund in order to strengthen them
Volunteeres and local residents participating in plantation drives around the lake
Volunteered and local residents participating in cleaning drives being
conducted as a part of the lake rejuvenation
Today, this lake has become a biodiversity hotspot and a huge asset for the local communities, who not only use it for recreational purposes but also are able to meet their domestic water demands as the groundwater is now available at 300ft. The farmers are seeing the benefits as open wells on their agricultural lands have also become full and they are able to meet irrigation needs without pumping water from far-off sources. The borewell water level also impacts the water tanker suppliers. Tankers are filled near the lake and the water is supplied to neighbouring apartments and villas.
Work to improve the lake continues as funds come in to add additional features around the lake for recreation and conducting cultural activities. There are plans to construct a volleyball court, butterfly gardens and a children’s park. FORCE-GW members continue to meet for over two hours every weekend to chart out plans to continuously improve the lake. Several biodiversity walks are also being conducted in order to engage with the local community and create awareness about the need for improving the lake.
Map showing the neighbourhood around the lake and the current design of the lake with wetlands, miyawaki forests, walking paths etc.
The lake is now being funded and maintained by an NGO, United way, which is helping various other such lakes to come back to life! FORCE-GW has also now been working to rejuvenate another lake close by and have successfully started a snow-ball effect in the neighbourhood.
All the stakeholders involved in the process of lake rejuvenation
ELEMENTS OF A LAKE
Lake bed
Kannamangala lake has been split into two portions, one on the north and the other on the south.
Inlets
There are three inlets to the lake. Inlet 1 gets agricultural runoff from the nearby fields. Inlet 2 gets treated wastewater from the apartments and inlet 3 gets greywater from the village.
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| Inlet with treated wastewater coming from the apartment blocks |
Connectivity
There is a 5m wide asphalt road around the lake which can be used by locals to travel from one side to another and to access their farmlands. A 3m wide pathway has also been made all around the lake.
Outlet
There is an outlet at the North of the lake. This is an old Kodi built years ago. Overflow of the water goes into nearby farms and further flows into a stream which joins another outflow stream of Hoskote Kere (located upstream of Kannamangla lake).
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| Outlet towards the north end of lake, connecting to a drainage channel |
Wetlands
There are two wetlands on the west and south side of the lake, which gets water from the 3 inlets. This is still under construction, but the plan is to set them up to act as natural filters and remove contaminants from the inflowing sewage water before entering the main waterbody.
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| Wetland 2, towards the west end of the lake, showing the partitions built for channeling water flow |
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| Wetland 1, towards the south end of the lake |
Graveyard
On the West between the two ponds is a graveyard.
Borewells
There are three borewells around the lake. Two of them belong to the gram panchayat, while the other is being used by a local farmer for his agricultural lands.
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| Borewell in the lake bed |
Open Wells
There are 3 open wells close to the lake, currently with high water tables. A beautiful Cannonball tree is next to the well on the west, a star attraction at the lake.
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| Open well near the lake with high water table currently |
Community garden
The apartment complexes around have come together to manage a small vegetable garden, in an adjoining plot nearby the lake. These lands have been leased by individual families and are being taken care of by the local women, who are paid by the community. The harvests of which are used by the residents.
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| Women who work in the community garden |
More photographs of the lake clicked during the 2020 monsoon can be found below.
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| One of the Miyawaki forests planted around the lake bed with about 5000 trees. |
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| One of the Miyawaki forests planted around the lake bed with about 5000 trees. |
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| Lake, as of today (Aug 2020) showing the islands and the biodiversity of trees around |
Picture courtesy: Force-GW, Biome Trust and volunteers
For more information, please visit www.kannamangalalake.com or/and write to them at Kannamangalalake@gmail.com
Contact Mr. Vincent Paul Raj for enquiring and procuring Vettiver on 98940 66303.
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